The following is a list of 22 major subjects under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China (Taiwan) ranked by population, including 5 special municipalities, 3 provincial cities and 14 counties. Data is current as of June 2011 and was sourced from the Ministry of the Interior.
| Rank | Division name | Chinese name | Type | Population |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | New Taipei City | 新北市 | Special municipality | 3,903,745 |
| 2 | Kaohsiung City | 高雄市 | Special municipality | 2,772,461 |
| 3 | Taichung City | 臺中市 (台中市) | Special municipality | 2,655,456 |
| 4 | Taipei City | 臺北市 (台北市) | Special municipality | 2,635,766 |
| 5 | Taoyuan County | 桃園縣 | County | 2,005,795 |
| 6 | Tainan City | 臺南市 (台南市) | Special municipality | 1,874,724 |
| 7 | Changhua County | 彰化縣 | County | 1,304,216 |
| 8 | Pingtung County | 屏東縣 | County | 868,827 |
| 9 | Yunlin County | 雲林縣 | County | 715,288 |
| 10 | Miaoli County | 苗栗縣 | County | 560,813 |
| 11 | Chiayi County | 嘉義縣 | County | 540,059 |
| 12 | Nantou County | 南投縣 | County | 524,426 |
| 13 | Hsinchu County | 新竹縣 | County | 515,044 |
| 14 | Yilan County | 宜蘭縣 | County | 459,349 |
| 15 | Hsinchu City | 新竹市 | Provincial city | 417,335 |
| 16 | Keelung City | 基隆市 | Provincial city | 381,770 |
| 17 | Hualien County | 花蓮縣 | County | 337,557 |
| 18 | Chiayi City | 嘉義市 | Provincial city | 272,128 |
| 19 | Taitung County | 臺東縣 (台東縣) | County | 229,420 |
| 20 | Kinmen County | 金門縣 | County | 99,691 |
| 21 | Penghu County | 澎湖縣 | County | 96,597 |
| 22 | Lienchiang County | 連江縣 | County | 10,010 |
The following is a list of divisions named "city" under the jurisdiction of the Republic of China (Taiwan) regardless of their hierarchy, including 5 special municipalities, 3 provincial cities and 17 County-controlled cities.